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首頁(yè)精彩閱讀python中使用sys模板和logging模塊獲取行號(hào)和函數(shù)名的方法
python中使用sys模板和logging模塊獲取行號(hào)和函數(shù)名的方法
2018-05-17
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python中使用sys模板和logging模塊獲取行號(hào)和函數(shù)名的方法

對(duì)于python，這幾天一直有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題在困擾我:
1.python中沒(méi)辦法直接取得當(dāng)前的行號(hào)和函數(shù)名。這是有人在論壇里提出的問(wèn)題，底下一群人只是在猜測(cè)python為什么不像__file__一樣提供__line__和__func__，但是卻最終也沒(méi)有找到解決方案。
2.如果一個(gè)函數(shù)在不知道自己名字的情況下，怎么才能遞歸調(diào)用自己。這是我一個(gè)同事問(wèn)我的，其實(shí)也是獲取函數(shù)名，但是當(dāng)時(shí)也是回答不出來(lái)。

但是今晚！所有的問(wèn)題都有了答案。
一切還要從我用python的logging模塊說(shuō)起，logging中的format中是有如下選項(xiàng)的:

代碼如下:

%(name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel)
%(levelno)s         Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,
                    WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
%(levelname)s       Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO",
                    "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL")
%(pathname)s        Full pathname of the source file where the logging
                    call was issued (if available)
%(filename)s        Filename portion of pathname
%(module)s          Module (name portion of filename)
%(lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued
                    (if available)
%(funcName)s        Function name
%(created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()
                    return value)
%(asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created
%(msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time
%(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,
                    relative to the time the logging module was loaded
                    (typically at application startup time)
%(thread)d          Thread ID (if available)
%(threadName)s      Thread name (if available)
%(process)d         Process ID (if available)
%(message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as
                    the record is emitted

也就是說(shuō)，logging是能夠獲取到調(diào)用者的行號(hào)和函數(shù)名的，那會(huì)不會(huì)也可以獲取到自己的行號(hào)和函數(shù)名呢？
我們來(lái)看一下源碼，主要部分如下:

代碼如下:
def currentframe():
    """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
    try:
        raise Exception
    except:
        return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
def findCaller(self):
    """
    Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source
    file name, line number and function name.
    """
    f = currentframe()
    #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if
    #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.
    if f is not None:
        f = f.f_back
    rv = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
    while hasattr(f, "f_code"):
        co = f.f_code
        filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)
        if filename == _srcfile:
            f = f.f_back
            continue
        rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
        break
    return rv
def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None):
    """
    Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls
    all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.
    """
    if _srcfile:
        #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an
        #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that
        #IronPython can use logging.
        try:
            fn, lno, func = self.findCaller()
        except ValueError:
            fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
    else:
        fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
    if exc_info:
        if not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):
            exc_info = sys.exc_info()
    record = self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)
    self.handle(record)

我簡(jiǎn)單解釋一下，實(shí)際上是通過(guò)在currentframe函數(shù)中拋出一個(gè)異常，然后通過(guò)向上查找的方式，找到調(diào)用的信息。其中

代碼如下:
rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)

的三個(gè)值分別為文件名，行號(hào)，函數(shù)名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html來(lái)看一下代碼中幾個(gè)系統(tǒng)函數(shù)的說(shuō)明)
OK，如果已經(jīng)看懂了源碼，那獲取當(dāng)前位置的行號(hào)和函數(shù)名相信也非常清楚了，代碼如下:

代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
#=============================================================================
#  FileName:        xf.py
#  Description:     獲取當(dāng)前位置的行號(hào)和函數(shù)名
#  Version:         1.0
#=============================================================================
'''
import sys
def get_cur_info():
    """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
    try:
        raise Exception
    except:
        f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
    return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)

def callfunc():
    print get_cur_info()

 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    callfunc()


輸入結(jié)果是:

代碼如下:
('callfunc', 24)

符合預(yù)期~~
哈哈，OK！現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該不用再抱怨取不到行號(hào)和函數(shù)名了吧~

=============================================================================
后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)也可以有更簡(jiǎn)單的方法，如下:

代碼如下:
import sys
def get_cur_info():
    print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
    print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name
get_cur_info()

調(diào)用結(jié)果是:

代碼如下:
get_cur_info
<module>


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