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數(shù)據(jù)挖掘：pandas時(shí)間模塊管理

2020-06-10

pandas datetime

# datetime.timedelta  時(shí)間差 

t1 = datetime.datetime(2017,10,1)
print(t1)
print("")

tx = datetime.timedelta(100)  # timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)
print(tx)
print("")

t2 = t1 + tx
print(t2)

2017-10-01 00:00:00

100 days, 0:00:00

2018-01-09 00:00:00

2019-05-26 

2019-05-26

# datetime.timedelta  時(shí)間差 

t1 = datetime.datetime(2017,10,1)
print(t1)
print("")

tx = datetime.timedelta(100)  # timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)
print(tx)
print("")

t2 = t1 + tx
print(t2)

2017-10-01 00:00:00

100 days, 0:00:00

2018-01-09 00:00:00

# datetime.timedelta  時(shí)間差 

t1 = datetime.datetime(2017,10,1)
print(t1)
print("")

tx = datetime.timedelta(100)  # timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0)
print(tx)
print("")

t2 = t1 + tx
print(t2)

2017-10-01 00:00:00

100 days, 0:00:00

2018-01-09 00:00:00

pd.Timestamp 跟datetime作用相同只不過Timestamp是pd模塊里的

time_list1 = ["20171019", "20181020", "bbbb", "20191021"]

t1= pd.to_datetime(time_list1, errors="ignore")
print(t1, type(t1))
print("")

t2 = pd.to_datetime(time_list1, errors="coerce")
print(t2)

Index(['20171019', '20181020', 'bbbb', '20191021'], dtype='object') pandas.core.indexes.base.index'="">

DatetimeIndex(['2017-10-19', '2018-10-20', 'NaT', '2019-10-21'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)

2020-06-01 14:28:08.656056

2020-06-01 14:28:08.656056

2017-10-21 00:00:00

pd.to_datetime 多個(gè)時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成時(shí)間戳索引

rng = pd.DatetimeIndex(["20160910", "11/06/2017", "20180821", "26/05/2019"])
print(rng)
print(type(rng))
print("")

print(rng[0], type(rng[0]))

DatetimeIndex(['2016-09-10', '2017-11-06', '2018-08-21', '2019-05-26'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq=None)
pandas.core.indexes.datetimes.datetimeindex'="">

2016-09-10 00:00:00 pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps.timestamp'="">

如果時(shí)間序列里包含非時(shí)間的數(shù)據(jù) ignore(忽略異常但不會轉(zhuǎn)換成時(shí)間戳索引) coerce(把異常值改為NaT)

st = pd.Series(np.random.rand(4), index=rng)  # 把時(shí)間戳索引當(dāng)成index
print(st)

2016-09-10    0.835586
2017-11-06    0.223044
2018-08-21    0.950717
2019-05-26    0.013370
dtype: float64

pd.DatetimeIndex() 直接生成時(shí)間戳序列

st = pd.Series(np.random.rand(4), index=rng)  # 把時(shí)間戳索引當(dāng)成index
print(st)

2016-09-10    0.835586
2017-11-06    0.223044
2018-08-21    0.950717
2019-05-26    0.013370
dtype: float64

st = pd.Series(np.random.rand(4), index=rng)  # 把時(shí)間戳索引當(dāng)成index
print(st)

2016-09-10    0.835586
2017-11-06    0.223044
2018-08-21    0.950717
2019-05-26    0.013370
dtype: float64

pd.date_range() 生成日期范圍

t_index2 = pd.date_range(start="20181018", periods=10, name="t_index2")
print(t_index2)

DatetimeIndex(['2018-10-18', '2018-10-19', '2018-10-20', '2018-10-21',
               '2018-10-22', '2018-10-23', '2018-10-24', '2018-10-25',
               '2018-10-26', '2018-10-27'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index2', freq='D')

start end

t_index3 = pd.date_range(end="20181018", periods=10, name="t_index3")
print(t_index3)

DatetimeIndex(['2018-10-09', '2018-10-10', '2018-10-11', '2018-10-12',
               '2018-10-13', '2018-10-14', '2018-10-15', '2018-10-16',
               '2018-10-17', '2018-10-18'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index3', freq='D')

periods

t_index3 = pd.date_range(end="20181018", periods=10, name="t_index3")
print(t_index3)

DatetimeIndex(['2018-10-09', '2018-10-10', '2018-10-11', '2018-10-12',
               '2018-10-13', '2018-10-14', '2018-10-15', '2018-10-16',
               '2018-10-17', '2018-10-18'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index3', freq='D')

t_index3 = pd.date_range(end="20181018", periods=10, name="t_index3")
print(t_index3)

DatetimeIndex(['2018-10-09', '2018-10-10', '2018-10-11', '2018-10-12',
               '2018-10-13', '2018-10-14', '2018-10-15', '2018-10-16',
               '2018-10-17', '2018-10-18'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index3', freq='D')

name normalize

t_index6 = pd.bdate_range(start="20191001", end="20191007", name="t_index6")
print(t_index6)

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01', '2019-10-02', '2019-10-03', '2019-10-04',
               '2019-10-07'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index6', freq='B')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-09-10', '2019-09-11', '2019-09-12', '2019-09-13',
               '2019-09-14', '2019-09-15', '2019-09-16', '2019-09-17'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index5', freq='D')

closed

t_index7_list= pd.date_range(start="20191001", end="20191007", name="t_index7_list")
print(t_index7_list)
print("\n")

t_index7_list= list(pd.date_range(start="20191001", end="20191007", name="t_index7_list"))
print(t_index7_list)

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01', '2019-10-02', '2019-10-03', '2019-10-04',
               '2019-10-05', '2019-10-06', '2019-10-07'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index7_list', freq='D')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-09-10', '2019-09-11', '2019-09-12', '2019-09-13',
               '2019-09-14', '2019-09-15', '2019-09-16', '2019-09-17'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index5', freq='D')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-09-11', '2019-09-12', '2019-09-13', '2019-09-14',
               '2019-09-15', '2019-09-16', '2019-09-17', '2019-09-18'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='t_index5', freq='D')

pd.bdate_range() 默認(rèn)頻率為工作日

# 默認(rèn)freq = 'D' 每日

pd.date_range("10/1/2019", "2019/10/7")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01', '2019-10-02', '2019-10-03', '2019-10-04',
               '2019-10-05', '2019-10-06', '2019-10-07'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

pd.date_range 轉(zhuǎn)換成list 元素為時(shí)間戳Timestamp

# 'B' 每工作日

pd.date_range("10/01/2019", "10/07/2019", freq = "B")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01', '2019-10-02', '2019-10-03', '2019-10-04',
               '2019-10-07'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

[Timestamp('2019-10-01 00:00:00', freq='D'), Timestamp('2019-10-02 00:00:00', freq='D'), Timestamp('2019-10-03 00:00:00', freq='D'), Timestamp('2019-10-04 00:00:00', freq='D'), Timestamp('2019-10-05 00:00:00', freq='D'), Timestamp('2019-10-06 00:00:00', freq='D'), Timestamp('2019-10-07 00:00:00', freq='D')]

fred 日期偏移量

# H 每小時(shí)

pd.date_range("10/01/2019  12:00:00", "10/02/2019 12:00:00", freq = "H")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01 12:00:00', '2019-10-01 13:00:00',
               '2019-10-01 14:00:00', '2019-10-01 15:00:00',
               '2019-10-01 16:00:00', '2019-10-01 17:00:00',
               '2019-10-01 18:00:00', '2019-10-01 19:00:00',
               '2019-10-01 20:00:00', '2019-10-01 21:00:00',
               '2019-10-01 22:00:00', '2019-10-01 23:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 00:00:00', '2019-10-02 01:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 02:00:00', '2019-10-02 03:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 04:00:00', '2019-10-02 05:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 06:00:00', '2019-10-02 07:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 08:00:00', '2019-10-02 09:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 10:00:00', '2019-10-02 11:00:00',
               '2019-10-02 12:00:00'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='H')

 # T/MIN 每分

pd.date_range("10/01/2019 12:10:00" , "10/01/2019 12:30:00", freq = "T")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01 12:10:00', '2019-10-01 12:11:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:12:00', '2019-10-01 12:13:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:14:00', '2019-10-01 12:15:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:16:00', '2019-10-01 12:17:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:18:00', '2019-10-01 12:19:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:20:00', '2019-10-01 12:21:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:22:00', '2019-10-01 12:23:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:24:00', '2019-10-01 12:25:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:26:00', '2019-10-01 12:27:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:28:00', '2019-10-01 12:29:00',
               '2019-10-01 12:30:00'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='T')

# S 每秒

pd.date_range("10/01/2019", "10/01/2019 00:00:30", freq = "S")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01 00:00:00', '2019-10-01 00:00:01',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:02', '2019-10-01 00:00:03',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:04', '2019-10-01 00:00:05',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:06', '2019-10-01 00:00:07',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:08', '2019-10-01 00:00:09',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:10', '2019-10-01 00:00:11',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:12', '2019-10-01 00:00:13',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:14', '2019-10-01 00:00:15',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:16', '2019-10-01 00:00:17',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:18', '2019-10-01 00:00:19',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:20', '2019-10-01 00:00:21',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:22', '2019-10-01 00:00:23',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:24', '2019-10-01 00:00:25',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:26', '2019-10-01 00:00:27',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:28', '2019-10-01 00:00:29',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='S')

# L 每毫秒 (千分之一秒)

pd.date_range("10/01/2019", "10/01/2019 00:00:30", freq = "L")

DatetimeIndex([       '2019-10-01 00:00:00', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.001000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.002000', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.003000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.004000', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.005000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.006000', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.007000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.008000', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.009000',
               ...
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.991000', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.992000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.993000', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.994000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.995000', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.996000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.997000', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.998000',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999000',        '2019-10-01 00:00:30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', length=30001, freq='L')

# U 每微秒 (百萬分之一秒)

pd.date_range("10/01/2019", "10/01/2019 00:00:30", freq = "U") # U 每微秒 (百萬分之一秒)

DatetimeIndex([       '2019-10-01 00:00:00', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000001',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000002', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000003',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000004', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000005',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000006', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000007',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000008', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000009',
               ...
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999991', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999992',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999993', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999994',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999995', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999996',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999997', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999998',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999999',        '2019-10-01 00:00:30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', length=30000001, freq='U')

# U 每微秒 (百萬分之一秒)

pd.date_range("10/01/2019", "10/01/2019 00:00:30", freq = "U") # U 每微秒 (百萬分之一秒)

DatetimeIndex([       '2019-10-01 00:00:00', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000001',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000002', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000003',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000004', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000005',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000006', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000007',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000008', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000009',
               ...
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999991', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999992',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999993', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999994',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999995', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999996',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999997', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999998',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999999',        '2019-10-01 00:00:30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', length=30000001, freq='U')

# U 每微秒 (百萬分之一秒)

pd.date_range("10/01/2019", "10/01/2019 00:00:30", freq = "U") # U 每微秒 (百萬分之一秒)

DatetimeIndex([       '2019-10-01 00:00:00', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000001',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000002', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000003',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000004', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000005',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000006', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000007',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000008', '2019-10-01 00:00:00.000009',
               ...
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999991', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999992',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999993', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999994',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999995', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999996',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999997', '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999998',
               '2019-10-01 00:00:29.999999',        '2019-10-01 00:00:30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', length=30000001, freq='U')

星期幾縮寫 -- MON/TUE/WED/THU/FRI/SAT/SUN

# M -- 每月最后一個(gè)日歷日

pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq = "M")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-02-28', '2019-03-31', '2019-04-30',
               '2019-05-31', '2019-06-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-08-31',
               '2019-09-30', '2019-10-31', '2019-11-30', '2019-12-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')

# M -- 每月最后一個(gè)日歷日

pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq = "M")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-02-28', '2019-03-31', '2019-04-30',
               '2019-05-31', '2019-06-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-08-31',
               '2019-09-30', '2019-10-31', '2019-11-30', '2019-12-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')

# M -- 每月最后一個(gè)日歷日

pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq = "M")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-02-28', '2019-03-31', '2019-04-30',
               '2019-05-31', '2019-06-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-08-31',
               '2019-09-30', '2019-10-31', '2019-11-30', '2019-12-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')

月份

# BM - 每月最后一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="BM"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-02-28', '2019-03-29', '2019-04-30',
               '2019-05-31', '2019-06-28', '2019-07-31', '2019-08-30',
               '2019-09-30', '2019-10-31', '2019-11-29', '2019-12-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BM')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-04-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-10-31'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='Q-JAN')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-28', '2019-05-31', '2019-08-31', '2019-11-30'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='Q-FEB')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-03-31', '2019-06-30', '2019-09-30', '2019-12-31'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='Q-MAR')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-04-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-10-31'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='Q-APR')

# BQ - 每個(gè)季度末最后一月的最后一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BQ-JAN"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BQ-FEB"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BQ-MAR"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BQ-APR"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-04-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-10-31',
               '2020-01-31', '2020-04-30', '2020-07-31', '2020-10-30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQ-JAN')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-28', '2019-05-31', '2019-08-30', '2019-11-29',
               '2020-02-28', '2020-05-29', '2020-08-31', '2020-11-30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQ-FEB')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-03-29', '2019-06-28', '2019-09-30', '2019-12-31',
               '2020-03-31', '2020-06-30', '2020-09-30', '2020-12-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQ-MAR')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-04-30', '2019-07-31', '2019-10-31',
               '2020-01-31', '2020-04-30', '2020-07-31', '2020-10-30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQ-APR')

# BA -- 每年指定月份的最后一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BA-JAN"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2023", freq="BA-FEB"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BA-MAR"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2020-01-31'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BA-JAN')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-28', '2020-02-28', '2021-02-26', '2022-02-28'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BA-FEB')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-03-29', '2020-03-31'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BA-MAR')

# MS -- 每月第一個(gè)日歷日

pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="MS")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-02-01', '2019-03-01', '2019-04-01',
               '2019-05-01', '2019-06-01', '2019-07-01', '2019-08-01',
               '2019-09-01', '2019-10-01', '2019-11-01', '2019-12-01',
               '2020-01-01'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='MS')

# QS - 每個(gè)季度末最后一月的第一個(gè)日歷日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="QS-JAN"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="QS-FEB"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="QS-MAR"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="QS-APR"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-04-01', '2019-07-01', '2019-10-01',
               '2020-01-01'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='QS-JAN')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-01', '2019-05-01', '2019-08-01', '2019-11-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='QS-FEB')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-03-01', '2019-06-01', '2019-09-01', '2019-12-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='QS-MAR')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-04-01', '2019-07-01', '2019-10-01',
               '2020-01-01'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='QS-APR')

# AS -- 每年指定月份的第一個(gè)日歷日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="AS-JAN"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="AS-FEB"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="AS-DEC"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2020-01-01', '2021-01-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='AS-JAN')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-01', '2020-02-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='AS-FEB')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-12-01', '2020-12-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='AS-DEC')

# BMS -- 每月第一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BMS"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-02-01', '2019-03-01', '2019-04-01',
               '2019-05-01', '2019-06-03', '2019-07-01', '2019-08-01',
               '2019-09-02', '2019-10-01', '2019-11-01', '2019-12-02',
               '2020-01-01', '2020-02-03', '2020-03-02', '2020-04-01',
               '2020-05-01', '2020-06-01', '2020-07-01', '2020-08-03',
               '2020-09-01', '2020-10-01', '2020-11-02', '2020-12-01',
               '2021-01-01'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BMS')

# BQS - 每個(gè)季度末最后一月的第一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="BQS-JAN"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="BQS-FEB"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="BQS-MAR"))
print("")
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2020", freq="BQS-APR"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-04-01', '2019-07-01', '2019-10-01',
               '2020-01-01'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQS-JAN')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-01', '2019-05-01', '2019-08-01', '2019-11-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQS-FEB')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-03-01', '2019-06-03', '2019-09-02', '2019-12-02'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQS-MAR')

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2019-04-01', '2019-07-01', '2019-10-01',
               '2020-01-01'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BQS-APR')

# BAS -- 每年指定月份的第一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-JAN"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-FEB"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-DEC"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2020-01-01', '2021-01-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-JAN')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-01', '2020-02-03'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-FEB')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-12-02', '2020-12-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-DEC')

# BAS -- 每年指定月份的第一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-JAN"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-FEB"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-DEC"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2020-01-01', '2021-01-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-JAN')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-01', '2020-02-03'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-FEB')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-12-02', '2020-12-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-DEC')

# BAS -- 每年指定月份的第一個(gè)工作日

print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-JAN"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-FEB"))
print(pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="BAS-DEC"))

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-01', '2020-01-01', '2021-01-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-JAN')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-02-01', '2020-02-03'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-FEB')
DatetimeIndex(['2019-12-02', '2020-12-01'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='BAS-DEC')

復(fù)合頻率

# 2M 每間隔2個(gè)月最后一個(gè)日歷

pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="2M")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-03-31', '2019-05-31', '2019-07-31',
               '2019-09-30', '2019-11-30', '2020-01-31', '2020-03-31',
               '2020-05-31', '2020-07-31', '2020-09-30', '2020-11-30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='2M')

# 2h30min 間隔是2小時(shí)30分鐘

pd.date_range("2019/10/1 00:00:00", "2019/10/1 12:00:00", freq="2h30min")

DatetimeIndex(['2019-10-01 00:00:00', '2019-10-01 02:30:00',
               '2019-10-01 05:00:00', '2019-10-01 07:30:00',
               '2019-10-01 10:00:00'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='150T')

# 2M 每間隔2個(gè)月最后一個(gè)日歷

pd.date_range("2019", "2021", freq="2M")

 DatetimeIndex(['2019-01-31', '2019-03-31', '2019-05-31', '2019-07-31',
               '2019-09-30', '2019-11-30', '2020-01-31', '2020-03-31',
               '2020-05-31', '2020-07-31', '2020-09-30', '2020-11-30'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='2M')

asfreq 時(shí)間頻率轉(zhuǎn)換

ts = pd.Series(np.random.rand(4), index=pd.date_range("2019/1/1", "2019/1/4"))
print(ts)
print("\n")

# 這里是把D改為4H
print(ts.asfreq("4H"))
print("\n")

# method 插值模式 ffill 用之前值填充 bfill 用之后值填充
print(ts.asfreq("4H", method="ffill"))  
print("\n")

print(ts.asfreq("4H", method="bfill"))

2019-01-01    0.610403
2019-01-02    0.416557
2019-01-03    0.821631
2019-01-04    0.699457
Freq: D, dtype: float64

2019-01-01 00:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 04:00:00         NaN
2019-01-01 08:00:00         NaN
2019-01-01 12:00:00         NaN
2019-01-01 16:00:00         NaN
2019-01-01 20:00:00         NaN
2019-01-02 00:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 04:00:00         NaN
2019-01-02 08:00:00         NaN
2019-01-02 12:00:00         NaN
2019-01-02 16:00:00         NaN
2019-01-02 20:00:00         NaN
2019-01-03 00:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 04:00:00         NaN
2019-01-03 08:00:00         NaN
2019-01-03 12:00:00         NaN
2019-01-03 16:00:00         NaN
2019-01-03 20:00:00         NaN
2019-01-04 00:00:00    0.699457
Freq: 4H, dtype: float64

2019-01-01 00:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 04:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 08:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 12:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 16:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 20:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-02 00:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 04:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 08:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 12:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 16:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 20:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-03 00:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 04:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 08:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 12:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 16:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 20:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-04 00:00:00    0.699457
Freq: 4H, dtype: float64

2019-01-01 00:00:00    0.610403
2019-01-01 04:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-01 08:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-01 12:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-01 16:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-01 20:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 00:00:00    0.416557
2019-01-02 04:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-02 08:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-02 12:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-02 16:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-02 20:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 00:00:00    0.821631
2019-01-03 04:00:00    0.699457
2019-01-03 08:00:00    0.699457
2019-01-03 12:00:00    0.699457
2019-01-03 16:00:00    0.699457
2019-01-03 20:00:00    0.699457
2019-01-04 00:00:00    0.699457
Freq: 4H, dtype: float64

超前/滯后數(shù)據(jù) shift(正數(shù)): 數(shù)值后移--滯后，shift(負(fù)數(shù)): 數(shù)值前移--超前

ts = pd.Series(np.random.rand(4), index=pd.date_range("2019/1/1", "2019/1/4"))
print(ts)
print("\n")

print(ts.shift(1))
print("\n")

print(ts.shift(-2))
print("\n")

# 計(jì)算變化百分比 該時(shí)間戳的值與上一個(gè)時(shí)間戳的值相比

per = ts/ts.shift(1)
print(per)

2019-01-01    0.197884
2019-01-02    0.403093
2019-01-03    0.208341
2019-01-04    0.330873
Freq: D, dtype: float64

2019-01-01         NaN
2019-01-02    0.197884
2019-01-03    0.403093
2019-01-04    0.208341
Freq: D, dtype: float64

2019-01-01    0.208341
2019-01-02    0.330873
2019-01-03         NaN
2019-01-04         NaN
Freq: D, dtype: float64

2019-01-01         NaN
2019-01-02    2.037017
2019-01-03    0.516855
2019-01-04    1.588134
Freq: D, dtype: float64

shift(freq) 加上freq參數(shù) 對時(shí)間戳進(jìn)行位移而不是對數(shù)值進(jìn)行位移

print(ts)
print("\n")

print(ts.shift(2, freq="D"))  # 按天
print("\n")

print(ts.shift(2, freq="T"))  # 按分鐘

2019-01-01    0.197884
2019-01-02    0.403093
2019-01-03    0.208341
2019-01-04    0.330873
Freq: D, dtype: float64

2019-01-03    0.197884
2019-01-04    0.403093
2019-01-05    0.208341
2019-01-06    0.330873
Freq: D, dtype: float64

2019-01-01 00:02:00    0.197884
2019-01-02 00:02:00    0.403093
2019-01-03 00:02:00    0.208341
2019-01-04 00:02:00    0.330873
Freq: D, dtype: float64

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') } function initGt() { var handler = function (captchaObj) { captchaObj.appendTo('#captcha'); captchaObj.onReady(function () { $("#wait").hide(); }).onSuccess(function(){ $('.getcheckcode').removeClass('dis'); $('.getcheckcode').trigger('click'); }); window.captchaObj = captchaObj; }; $('#captcha').show(); $.ajax({ url: "/login/gtstart?t=" + (new Date()).getTime(), // 加隨機(jī)數(shù)防止緩存 type: "get", dataType: "json", success: function (data) { $('#text').hide(); $('#wait').show(); // 調(diào)用 initGeetest 進(jìn)行初始化 // 參數(shù)1：配置參數(shù) // 參數(shù)2：回調(diào)，回調(diào)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)驗(yàn)證碼對象，之后可以使用它調(diào)用相應(yīng)的接口 initGeetest({ // 以下 4 個(gè)配置參數(shù)為必須，不能缺少 gt: data.gt, challenge: data.challenge, offline: !data.success, // 表示用戶后臺檢測極驗(yàn)服務(wù)器是否宕機(jī) new_captcha: data.new_captcha, // 用于宕機(jī)時(shí)表示是新驗(yàn)證碼的宕機(jī) product: "float", // 產(chǎn)品形式，包括：float，popup width: "280px", https: true // 更多配置參數(shù)說明請參見：http://docs.geetest.com/install/client/web-front/ }, handler); } }); } function codeCutdown() { if(_wait == 0){ //倒計(jì)時(shí)完成 $(".getcheckcode").removeClass('dis').html("重新獲取"); }else{ $(".getcheckcode").addClass('dis').html("重新獲取("+_wait+"s)"); _wait--; setTimeout(function () { codeCutdown(); },1000); } } function inputValidate(ele,telInput) { var oInput = ele; var inputVal = oInput.val(); var oType = ele.attr('data-type'); var oEtag = $('#etag').val(); var oErr = oInput.closest('.form_box').next('.err_txt'); var empTxt = '請輸入'+oInput.attr('placeholder')+'！'; var errTxt = '請輸入正確的'+oInput.attr('placeholder')+'！'; var pattern; if(inputVal==""){ if(!telInput){ errFun(oErr,empTxt); } return false; }else { switch (oType){ case 'login_mobile': pattern = /^1[3456789]\d{9}$/; if(inputVal.length==11) { $.ajax({ url: '/login/checkmobile', type: "post", dataType: "json", data: { mobile: inputVal, etag: oEtag, page_ur: window.location.href, page_referer: document.referrer }, success: function (data) { } }); } break; case 'login_yzm': pattern = /^\d{6}$/; break; } if(oType=='login_mobile'){ } if(!!validateFun(pattern,inputVal)){ errFun(oErr,'') if(telInput){ $('.getcheckcode').removeClass('dis'); } }else { if(!telInput) { errFun(oErr, errTxt); }else { $('.getcheckcode').addClass('dis'); } return false; } } return true; } function errFun(obj,msg) { obj.html(msg); if(msg==''){ $('.login_submit').removeClass('dis'); }else { $('.login_submit').addClass('dis'); } } function validateFun(pat,val) { return pat.test(val); }

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數(shù)據(jù)挖掘：pandas時(shí)間模塊管理

pandas datetime

pd.Timestamp 跟datetime作用相同 只不過Timestamp是pd模塊里的

pd.to_datetime 多個(gè)時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成時(shí)間戳索引

如果時(shí)間序列里包含非時(shí)間的數(shù)據(jù) ignore(忽略異常 但不會轉(zhuǎn)換成時(shí)間戳索引) coerce(把異常值改為NaT)

pd.DatetimeIndex() 直接生成時(shí)間戳序列

pd.date_range() 生成日期范圍

start end

periods

name normalize

closed

pd.bdate_range() 默認(rèn)頻率為工作日

pd.date_range 轉(zhuǎn)換成list 元素為時(shí)間戳Timestamp

fred 日期偏移量

星期幾縮寫 -- MON/TUE/WED/THU/FRI/SAT/SUN

月份

復(fù)合頻率

asfreq 時(shí)間頻率轉(zhuǎn)換

超前/滯后數(shù)據(jù) shift(正數(shù)): 數(shù)值后移--滯后 ，shift(負(fù)數(shù)): 數(shù)值前移--超前

shift(freq) 加上freq參數(shù) 對時(shí)間戳進(jìn)行位移 而不是對數(shù)值進(jìn)行位移

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pd.Timestamp 跟datetime作用相同只不過Timestamp是pd模塊里的

如果時(shí)間序列里包含非時(shí)間的數(shù)據(jù) ignore(忽略異常但不會轉(zhuǎn)換成時(shí)間戳索引) coerce(把異常值改為NaT)

超前/滯后數(shù)據(jù) shift(正數(shù)): 數(shù)值后移--滯后，shift(負(fù)數(shù)): 數(shù)值前移--超前

shift(freq) 加上freq參數(shù) 對時(shí)間戳進(jìn)行位移而不是對數(shù)值進(jìn)行位移

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