Python中的time模塊與datetime模塊用法總結(jié)

Python中內(nèi)置的各項(xiàng)時(shí)間日期函數(shù)幾乎都來(lái)自于time和datetime這兩個(gè)模塊,下面整理了Python中的time模塊與datetime模塊用法總結(jié),需要的朋友可以參考下

time模塊
time模塊是包含各方面對(duì)時(shí)間操作的函數(shù). 盡管這些常常有效但不是所有方法在任意平臺(tái)中有效. time用struct_time表示時(shí)間
import time
 
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=24,
          tm_hour=14, tm_min=17, tm_sec=26,
          tm_wday=4, tm_yday=114, tm_isdst=0)
# 2015
print time.localtime()
print time.localtime().tm_year

函數(shù)

    time.time(): 返回一個(gè)時(shí)間戳
    time.asctime([t]): 轉(zhuǎn)換gmtime()和localtime()返回的元組或struct_time為string.
    time.clock(): 在第一次調(diào)用的時(shí)候, 返回程序運(yùn)行的時(shí)間. 第二次之后返回與之前的間隔.
    time.ctime([secs]): 將時(shí)間戳轉(zhuǎn)換為時(shí)間字符串, 如沒(méi)有提供則返回當(dāng)前的時(shí)間字符串,并與asctime(localtime())一樣.
    time.gmtime([secs]): 將時(shí)間戳轉(zhuǎn)化為, UTC 時(shí)區(qū)的struct_time.
    time.localtime([secs]): 類似gmtime()但會(huì)把他轉(zhuǎn)換成本地時(shí)區(qū).
    time.mktime(t): struct_time 轉(zhuǎn)化為時(shí)間戳.
    time.sleep(secs): 線程推遲指定時(shí)間, 以秒為單位.
    time.strftime(format[,t]): 根據(jù)參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換一個(gè)sturc_time或元組為字符串.
    time.strptime(string[, format]): 與strftime相反,返回一個(gè)struct_time.    
import time
 
# Fri Apr 24 06:39:34 2015
print time.asctime(time.gmtime())
 
# 0.0
# None
# 1.01136392961 因計(jì)算機(jī)而異
print time.clock()
print time.sleep(1)
print time.clock()
 
# Fri Apr 24 14:42:07 2015
print time.ctime()
 
# 2015-04-24
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
# 1429857836.0
print time.mktime(time.localtime())

time模塊中常用的格式化字符串

    %y 兩位數(shù)的年份 00 ~ 99.
    %Y 四位數(shù)的年份 0000 ~ 9999
    %m 月份 01 ~ 12.
    %d day 01 ~ 31.
    %H 時(shí) 00 ~ 23.
    %I 時(shí) 01 ~ 12.
    %M 分 00 ~ 59.
    %S 秒 00 ~ 61.

datetime模塊
datetime模塊提供對(duì)于日期和時(shí)間進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單或復(fù)雜的操作. datetime 模塊提供了一下的可用類型(Available Types).

datetime.MINYEAR 和 datetime.MAXYEAR 模塊常量表示datetime接受的范圍

    class datetime.date: 一個(gè)理想化的日期, 提供year, month, day屬性
    class datetime.time: 一個(gè)理想化的時(shí)間, 提供hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo.
    class datetime.datetime: 日期和時(shí)間的組合.提供year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo.
    class datetime.timedelta: 表達(dá)兩個(gè)date,time和datetime持續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)的微妙差異.
    class datetime.tzinfo: 時(shí)間對(duì)象的抽象基類.    
from datetime import timedelta, datetime
 
a = datetime.now()
b = timedelta(days=7)
 
# 7 days, 0:00:00
# 2015-04-14 16:02:39.189000
print b
print a - b
下面說(shuō)具體說(shuō)一下類和類的方法
date類
一個(gè)date對(duì)象代表理想化的日期.    
class datetime.date(year, month, day)
  # All arguments are required. Arguments may be ints or longs.
  # 所有參數(shù)都是必須的. 參數(shù)可能是 int 或 long.
  MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
  1<= month <= 12
  1<= day <= number of days in the given month and year.(隨著月份和年份)

如果參數(shù)脫離給的范圍會(huì)拋出, valueError.

1.類方法 >`date.today()`:返回當(dāng)前的本地日期, 這等價(jià)于 `date.fromtimestamp(time.time())`.
Return the current local date. This is equvalent to `date.fromtimestamp(time.time())`.    
from datetime import date
 
# print 2015-04-21
print date.today()

2.date.fromtimestamp(timestamp):根據(jù)提供的時(shí)間戳返回local date. 時(shí)間戳常用于對(duì)時(shí)間類型的存儲(chǔ).    
import time
from datetime import date
 
# 1429587111.21
# 2015-04-21
print time.time()
print date.fromtimestamp(time.time())

3.類方法date.fromordinal(ordinal):根據(jù)提供的Gregorian日歷返回date.(不做描述)

類屬性

    date.min: 返回 date(MINYEAR, 1, 1).
    date.max: 返回 date(MAXYEAR, 12, 31).
    date.year: 返回 年, MINYEAR和MAXYEAR之間
    date.month: 返回 月, 1到12月之間
    date.day: 返回 1到 n 之間.    
d = date(2014, 4, 21)
# 2014 4 21
print d.year, d.month, d.day

實(shí)例方法

    date.replace(year, month, day):返回一個(gè)相同值的data對(duì)象, 除了這些參數(shù)給關(guān)鍵字指定新的值.
    date.timetuple(): 返回一個(gè)time.struct_time對(duì)象.
    date.toordinal(): 返回一個(gè)Gregoian Calendar對(duì)象.
    date.weekday(): 返回day of the week. 星期一為0,星期日為6.
    date.isoweekday(): 返回day of the week. 星期一為1,星期日為7.
    date.isocalendar(): 返回一個(gè)三元組, (ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday).
    date.isoformat(): 返回 一個(gè)'YYYY-MM-DD'的字符串格式.
    date.ctime(): 返回一個(gè)字符串日期, d.ctime() 等同于 time.ctime(time.mktime(d.timetuple())).
    date.strftime(format): 返回一個(gè)字符串日期, 格式自定義.    
d = date(2015, 4, 21)
 
# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-21
# 2015-04-22
print d
print d.replace()
print d.replace(day=22)
 
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=21, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=111, tm_isdst=-1)
print d.timetuple()
 
# print 1
# print 2
print d.weekday()
print d.isoweekday()
 
# print 2015-04-21
print d.isoformat()
 
# print 21/04/2015
print d.strftime('%d/%m/%y')

datetime 類

datetime 對(duì)象是一個(gè)單一的對(duì)象, 包含所有date和time對(duì)象的信息.    
class datetime.datetime(year, month, day[, hour
                    [, minute
                    [, second
                    [, microsecond
                    [, tzinfo]]]]])
  # The year, month and day arguments are required.
  MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR
  1 <= month <= 12
  1 <= day <= n
  0 <= hour < 24
  0 <= minute < 60
  0 <= second < 60
  0 <= microsecond < 10**6

類方法

    datetime.today(): 返回當(dāng)前本地datetime.隨著 tzinfo None. 這個(gè)等同于datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()).
    datetime.now([tz]): 返回當(dāng)前本地日期和時(shí)間, 如果可選參數(shù)tz為None或沒(méi)有詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,這個(gè)方法會(huì)像today().
    datetime.utcnow(): 返回當(dāng)前的UTC日期和時(shí)間, 如果tzinfo None ,那么與now()類似.
    datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz]): 根據(jù)時(shí)間戳返回本地的日期和時(shí)間.tz指定時(shí)區(qū).
    datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp): 根據(jù)時(shí)間戳返回 UTC datetime.
    datetime.fromordinal(ordinal): 根據(jù)Gregorian ordinal 返回datetime.
    datetime.combine(date, time): 根據(jù)date和time返回一個(gè)新的datetime.
    datetime.strptime(date_string, format): 根據(jù)date_string和format返回一個(gè)datetime.    
from datetime import datetime
 
# 2015-04-21 14:07:39.262000
print datetime.today()
 
# 2015-04-21 14:08:20.362000
print datetime.now()
 
# 1429596607.06
# 2015-04-21 14:10:07.061000
t = time.time()
print t
print datetime.fromtimestamp(t)
 
from datetime import datetime, date, time
 
a = date(2015, 4, 21)
b = time(14, 13, 34)
 
# 2015-04-21 14:13:34
print datetime.combine(a, b)

實(shí)例方法

    datetime.date(): 返回相同年月日的date對(duì)象.
    datetime.time(): 返回相同時(shí)分秒微秒的time對(duì)象.
    datetime.replace(kw): kw in [year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo], 與date類似.

其他方法可查看官方文檔…    
from datetime import datetime, date, time
 
td = date(2015, 4, 21)
n = time(14, 28, 30)
 
# 2099-04-21 14:30:42.103000
print datetime.now(0.replace(year=2099)

類屬性

    datetime.min: datetime(MINYEAR, 1, 1).
    datetime.max: datetime(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999).

實(shí)例屬性(read-only)

    datetime.year: 1 至 9999
    datetime.month: 1 至 12
    datetime.day: 1 至 n
    datetime.hour: In range(24). 0 至 23
    datetime.minute: In range(60).
    datetime.second: In range(60).
    datetime.microsecond: In range(1000000).

time類

time 代表本地(一天內(nèi))時(shí)間.
class datetime.time([hour
          [, minute
          [, second
          [, microsecond
          [, tzinfo]]]]])
  # All arguments are optional.
  # 所有參數(shù)都是可選的.
  0 <= hour < 24
  0 <= minute < 60
  0 <= second < 60
  0 <= microsesond < 10**6
time類就是對(duì)時(shí)間的一些操作,其功能類似與datetime.其實(shí)date和time就是對(duì)datetime中日期和時(shí)間的操作.