使用Python導(dǎo)出Excel圖表以及導(dǎo)出為圖片的方法

本篇講下如何使用純python代碼將excel 中的圖表導(dǎo)出為圖片。這里需要使用的模塊有win32com、pythoncom模塊。
網(wǎng)上經(jīng)查詢有人已經(jīng)寫好的模塊pyxlchart，具體代碼如下：    
from win32com.client import Dispatch
import os
import pythoncom
class Pyxlchart(object):
 """
 This class exports charts in an Excel Spreadsheet to the FileSystem
 win32com libraries are required.
 """
 def __init__(self):
  pythoncom.CoInitialize()
  self.WorkbookDirectory = ''
  self.WorkbookFilename = ''
  self.GetAllWorkbooks = False
  self.SheetName = ''
  self.ChartName = ''
  self.GetAllWorkbookCharts = False
  self.GetAllWorksheetCharts = False
  self.ExportPath = ''
  self.ImageFilename = ''
  self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar = '_'
  self.ImageType = 'jpg'
 def __del__(self):
  pass
 def start_export(self):
  if self.WorkbookDirectory == '':
   return "WorkbookDirectory not set"
  else:
   self._export()
 def _export(self):
  """
  Exports Charts as determined by the settings in class variabels.
  """
  excel = Dispatch("excel.application")
  excel.Visible = False
  wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(os.path.join(self.WorkbookDirectory ,self.WorkbookFilename))
  self._get_Charts_In_Worksheet(wb,self.SheetName,self.ChartName)
  wb.Close(False)
  excel.Quit()
 def _get_Charts_In_Worksheet(self,wb,worksheet = "", chartname = ""):
  if worksheet != "" and chartname != "":
   sht = self._change_sheet(wb,worksheet)
   cht = sht.ChartObjects(chartname)
   self._save_chart(cht)
   return
  if worksheet == "":
   for sht in wb.Worksheets:
    for cht in sht.ChartObjects():
     if chartname == "":
      self._save_chart(cht)
     else:
      if chartname == cht.Name:
       self._save_chart(cht)
  else:
   sht = wb.Worksheets(worksheet)
   for cht in sht.ChartObjects():
    if chartname == "":
     self._save_chart(cht)
    else:
     if chartname == cht.Name:
      self._save_chart(cht)
 def _change_sheet(self,wb,worksheet):
  try:
   return wb.Worksheets(worksheet)
  except:
   raise NameError('Unable to Select Sheet: ' + worksheet + ' in Workbook: ' + wb.Name)
 def _save_chart(self,chartObject):
  imagename = self._get_filename(chartObject.Name)
  savepath = os.path.join(self.ExportPath,imagename)
  print savepath
  chartObject.Chart.Export(savepath,self.ImageType)
 def _get_filename(self,chartname):
  """
  Replaces white space in self.WorkbookFileName with the value given in self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar
  If self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar is an empty string then self.WorkBookFileName is left as is
  """
  if self.ImageFilename == '':
   self.ImageFilename == chartname
  if self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar != '':
   chartname.replace(' ',self.ReplaceWhiteSpaceChar)
  if self.ImageFilename != "":
   return self.ImageFilename + "_" + chartname + "." + self.ImageType
  else:
   return chartname + '.' + self.ImageType
if __name__ == "__main__":
 xl = Pyxlchart()
 xl.WorkbookDirectory = "\\\\maawtns01\\discipline\\procurement\\MATERIEL\\Raw Material\\Data Management\\Hawk"
 xl.WorkbookFilename = "Hawk Workability KPI.xlsm"
 xl.SheetName = ""
 xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"
 xl.ExportPath = "d:\\pycharts"
 xl.ChartName = ""
 xl.start_export()
 print "This file does not currently allow direct access"
 print "Please import PyXLChart and run start_export()"
這里還使用Excel vba將chart另存為圖片篇中創(chuàng)建的chart_column.xlsx表，使用上面的模塊的方法如下：    
from pyxlchart import Pyxlchart
xl = Pyxlchart()
xl.WorkbookDirectory = "D:\\"
xl.WorkbookFilename = "chart_column.xlsx"
xl.SheetName = ""
#xl.ImageFilename = "MyChart1"
xl.ExportPath = "d:\\"
xl.ChartName = ""
xl.start_export()
由于有該表里有多張圖表，所以上面未指定xl.ImageFilename ，使用示例如下：

Excel vba將chart另存為圖片
python下使用xlswriter模塊，可以輕松在excel 中創(chuàng)建圖片，不過想實現(xiàn)將生成的chart圖表導(dǎo)出為圖片，在email 中導(dǎo)入圖片的目標(biāo) 。經(jīng)網(wǎng)上查詢未找到通過python代碼將excel 中已經(jīng)生成的圖片導(dǎo)出為圖片的方法，不過通過變通方法，使用excel 內(nèi)的vba 宏卻可以輕松將圖片導(dǎo)出。
1、導(dǎo)出單張圖片
python 創(chuàng)建chart圖片代碼：    
#coding: utf-8
import xlsxwriter
import random
def get_num():
 return random.randrange(0, 201, 2)
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('analyse_spider.xlsx') #創(chuàng)建一個Excel文件
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() #創(chuàng)建一個工作表對象
chart = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'}) #創(chuàng)建一個圖表對象
#定義數(shù)據(jù)表頭列表
title = [u'業(yè)務(wù)名稱',u'星期一',u'星期二',u'星期三',u'星期四',u'星期五',u'星期六',u'星期日',u'平均流量']
buname= [u'運(yùn)維之路',u'就要IT',u'baidu.com',u'361way.com',u'91it.org'] #定義頻道名稱
#定義5頻道一周7天流量數(shù)據(jù)列表
data = []
for i in range(5):
 tmp = []
 for j in range(7):
  tmp.append(get_num())
 data.append(tmp)
format=workbook.add_format() #定義format格式對象
format.set_border(1) #定義format對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式
format_title=workbook.add_format() #定義format_title格式對象
format_title.set_border(1) #定義format_title對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式
format_title.set_bg_color('#cccccc') #定義format_title對象單元格背景顏色為
          #'#cccccc'的格式
format_title.set_align('center') #定義format_title對象單元格居中對齊的格式
format_title.set_bold() #定義format_title對象單元格內(nèi)容加粗的格式
format_ave=workbook.add_format() #定義format_ave格式對象
format_ave.set_border(1) #定義format_ave對象單元格邊框加粗(1像素)的格式
format_ave.set_num_format('0.00') #定義format_ave對象單元格數(shù)字類別顯示格式
#下面分別以行或列寫入方式將標(biāo)題、業(yè)務(wù)名稱、流量數(shù)據(jù)寫入起初單元格，同時引用不同格式對象
worksheet.write_row('A1',title,format_title)
worksheet.write_column('A2', buname,format)
worksheet.write_row('B2', data[0],format)
worksheet.write_row('B3', data[1],format)
worksheet.write_row('B4', data[2],format)
worksheet.write_row('B5', data[3],format)
worksheet.write_row('B6', data[4],format)
#定義圖表數(shù)據(jù)系列函數(shù)
def chart_series(cur_row):
 worksheet.write_formula('I'+cur_row, \
  '=AVERAGE(B'+cur_row+':H'+cur_row+')',format_ave) #計算（AVERAGE函數(shù)）頻
               #道周平均流量
 chart.add_series({
  'categories': '=Sheet1!$B$1:$H$1', #將“星期一至星期日”作為圖表數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)簽(X軸)
  'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$'+cur_row+':$H$'+cur_row, #頻道一周所有數(shù)據(jù)作
                #為數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域
  'line':  {'color': 'black'}, #線條顏色定義為black(黑色)
  'name': '=Sheet1!$A$'+cur_row, #引用業(yè)務(wù)名稱為圖例項
 })
for row in range(2, 7): #數(shù)據(jù)域以第2～6行進(jìn)行圖表數(shù)據(jù)系列函數(shù)調(diào)用
 chart_series(str(row))
chart.set_size({'width': 577, 'height': 287}) #設(shè)置圖表大小
chart.set_title ({'name': u'爬蟲分析'}) #設(shè)置圖表（上方）大標(biāo)題
chart.set_y_axis({'name': 'count'}) #設(shè)置y軸（左側(cè)）小標(biāo)題
worksheet.insert_chart('A8', chart) #在A8單元格插入圖表
workbook.close() #關(guān)閉Excel文檔

由于這里只有一張圖片，通過vba 代碼很容易生成圖片 。方法為，打開該excel 圖表，通過alt + F11 快捷鍵打開宏編輯界面；打開VB編輯器的立即窗口：”視圖“-”立即窗口“，或者使用快捷鍵"Ctrl + G" ，接著輸入如下代碼
activesheet.ChartObjects(1).Chart.Export "C:\chart.png"

按 " Enter " 鍵后，會在C盤生成上面的生成的chart圖表。

二、導(dǎo)出多張圖表

python代碼如下：    
#coding: utf-8
import xlsxwriter
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_column.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# 這是個數(shù)據(jù)table的列
headings = ['Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2']
data = [
 [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
 [10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
 [30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
]
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
############################################
#創(chuàng)建一個圖表，類型是column
chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# 配置series,這個和前面wordsheet是有關(guān)系的。
chart1.add_series({
 'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
 'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
})
# Configure a second series. Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.
chart1.add_series({
 'name':  ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
 'values':  ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
})
# Add a chart title and some axis labels.
chart1.set_title ({'name': 'Results of sample analysis'})
chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# Set an Excel chart style.
chart1.set_style(11)
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
#######################################################################
#
# Create a stacked chart sub-type.
#
chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'stacked'})
# Configure the first series.
chart2.add_series({
 'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
 'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
})
# Configure second series.
chart2.add_series({
 'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1',
 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
 'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
})
# Add a chart title and some axis labels.
chart2.set_title ({'name': 'Stacked Chart'})
chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# Set an Excel chart style.
chart2.set_style(12)
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('D18', chart2, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
#######################################################################
#
# Create a percentage stacked chart sub-type.
#
chart3 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column', 'subtype': 'percent_stacked'})
# Configure the first series.
chart3.add_series({
 'name':  '=Sheet1!$B$1',
 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
 'values':  '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
})
# Configure second series.
chart3.add_series({
 'name':  '=Sheet1!$C$1',
 'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
 'values':  '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
})
# Add a chart title and some axis labels.
chart3.set_title ({'name': 'Percent Stacked Chart'})
chart3.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart3.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# Set an Excel chart style.
chart3.set_style(13)
# Insert the chart into the worksheet (with an offset).
worksheet.insert_chart('D34', chart3, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()

同一數(shù)據(jù)源上面創(chuàng)建了三種類型的圖 ，由于有三張圖，上面的導(dǎo)出一張圖的方法肯定是不行了，這里打開宏，創(chuàng)建如下宏內(nèi)容：    
Sub exportimg()
Dim XlsChart As ChartObject
For Each XlsChart In Worksheets("Sheet1").ChartObjects
 XlsChart.Chart.Export Filename:="C:\" & XlsChart.Name & ".jpg", FilterName:="JPG"
Next
End Sub
該示例這里就不再截圖，具體可以自行運(yùn)行。