Python使用xlwt模塊操作Excel的方法詳解

本文實(shí)例講述了Python使用xlwt模塊操作Excel的方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

部分摘自官網(wǎng)文檔.
該模塊安裝很簡(jiǎn)單    
$ pip install xlwt

先來個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子:    
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
# ==============================================================================
#
#    Filename: demo.py
#  Description: excel operat
#    Created: Tue Apr 25 17:10:33 CST 2017
#     Author: Yur
#
# ==============================================================================
import xlwt
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)workbook 設(shè)置編碼
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)worksheet
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
# 寫入excel
# 參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng) 行, 列, 值
worksheet.write(1,0, label = 'this is test')
# 保存
workbook.save('Excel_test.xls')

運(yùn)行后 會(huì)在當(dāng)前目錄生成一個(gè)Excel_test.xls

官方例子:

運(yùn)行這個(gè)例子的時(shí)候 報(bào)錯(cuò)

自己又寫了一個(gè):    
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
# ==============================================================================
#
#    Filename: style.py
#  Description: style
#    Created: Thu Apr 27 15:07:53 CST 2017
#     Author: Yur
#
# ==============================================================================
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # 初始化樣式
font = xlwt.Font() # 為樣式創(chuàng)建字體
font.name = 'Times New Roman'
font.bold = True # 黑體
font.underline = True # 下劃線
font.italic = True # 斜體字
style.font = font # 設(shè)定樣式
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Unformatted value') # 不帶樣式的寫入
worksheet.write(1, 0, 'Formatted value', style) # 帶樣式的寫入
workbook.save('formatting.xls') # 保存文件
效果:

設(shè)置單元格寬度:
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0,'My Cell Contents')
# 設(shè)置單元格寬度
worksheet.col(0).width = 3333
workbook.save('cell_width.xls')

輸入一個(gè)日期到單元格:    
import xlwt
import datetime
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0
worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

向單元格添加一個(gè)公式:    
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5
worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2
worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])
worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

向單元格添加一個(gè)超鏈接:    
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")')) # Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

合并列和行:    
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') # Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.
font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
font.bold = True # Set font to Bold
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.font = font # Add Bold Font to Style
worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) # Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

設(shè)置單元格內(nèi)容的對(duì)其方式:    
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

為單元格議添加邊框:    
# Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
  DASHED虛線
  NO_LINE沒有
  THIN實(shí)線
# May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

為單元格設(shè)置背景色:    
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern
style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')