Python實(shí)現(xiàn)基于二叉樹(shù)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的堆排序算法示例

本文實(shí)例講述了Python實(shí)現(xiàn)基于二叉樹(shù)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的堆排序算法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

既然用Python實(shí)現(xiàn)了二叉樹(shù)，當(dāng)然要寫(xiě)點(diǎn)東西練練手。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)上堆排序的教程很多，但是卻幾乎都是以數(shù)組存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)，直接以下標(biāo)訪問(wèn)元素，當(dāng)然這樣是完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的，實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單，訪問(wèn)速度快，也容易理解。

但是以練手的角度來(lái)看，我還是寫(xiě)了一個(gè)二叉樹(shù)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的堆排序

其中最難的問(wèn)題就是交換二叉樹(shù)中兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)。

因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)最多與三個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)相連，那么兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)互換，就需要考慮到5個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系，也需要判斷是左右孩子，這將是十分繁瑣的，也很容易出錯(cuò)。

class Tree:
  def __init__(self, val = '#', left = None, right = None):
    self.val = val
    self.left = left
    self.right = right
    self.ponit = None
    self.father = None
    self.counter = 0
  #前序構(gòu)建二叉樹(shù)
  def FrontBuildTree(self):
    temp = input('Please Input: ')
    node = Tree(temp)
    if(temp != '#'):
      node.left = self.FrontBuildTree()
      node.right = self.FrontBuildTree()
    return node#因?yàn)闆](méi)有引用也沒(méi)有指針，所以就把新的節(jié)點(diǎn)給返回回去
    #前序遍歷二叉樹(shù)
  def VisitNode(self):
    print(self.val)
    if(self.left != None):
      self.left.VisitNode()
    if(self.right != None):
      self.right.VisitNode()
  #中序遍歷二叉樹(shù)
  def MVisitTree(self):
    if(self.left != None):
      self.left.MVisitTree()
    print(self.val)
    if(self.right != None):
      self.right.MVisitTree()
  #獲取二叉樹(shù)的第dec個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
  def GetPoint(self, dec):
    road = str(bin(dec))[3:]
    p = self
    for r in road:
      if (r == '0'):
        p = p.left
      else:
        p = p.right
    #print('p.val = ', p.val)
    return p
  #構(gòu)建第一個(gè)堆
  def BuildHeadTree(self, List):
    for val in List:
      #print('val = ', val, 'self.counter = ', self.counter)
      self.ponit = self.GetPoint(int((self.counter + 1) / 2))
      #print('self.ponit.val = ', self.ponit.val)
      if (self.counter == 0):
        self.val = val
        self.father = self
      else:
        temp = self.counter + 1
        node = Tree(val)
        node.father = self.ponit
        if(temp % 2 == 0):#新增節(jié)點(diǎn)為左孩子
          self.ponit.left = node
        else:
          self.ponit.right = node
        while(temp != 0):
          if (node.val < node.father.val):#如果新增節(jié)點(diǎn)比其父親節(jié)點(diǎn)值要大
            p = node.father#先將其三個(gè)鏈子保存起來(lái)
            LeftTemp = node.left
            RightTemp = node.right
            if (p.father != p):#判斷其不是頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
              if (int(temp / 2) % 2 == 0):#新增節(jié)點(diǎn)的父親為左孩子
                p.father.left = node
              else:
                p.father.right = node
              node.father = p.father
            else:
              node.father = node#是頭結(jié)點(diǎn)則將其father連向自身
              node.counter = self.counter
              self = node
            if(temp % 2 == 0):#新增節(jié)點(diǎn)為左孩子
              node.left = p
              node.right = p.right
              if (p.right != None):
                p.right.father = node
            else:
              node.left = p.left
              node.right = p
              if (p.left != None):
                p.left.father = node
            p.left = LeftTemp
            p.right = RightTemp
            p.father = node
            temp = int(temp / 2)
            #print('node.val = ', node.val, 'node.father.val = ', node.father.val)
            #print('Tree = ')
            #self.VisitNode()
          else:
            break;
      self.counter += 1
    return self
  #將頭結(jié)點(diǎn)取出后重新調(diào)整堆
  def Adjust(self):
    #print('FrontSelfTree = ')
    #self.VisitNode()
    #print('MSelfTree = ')
    #self.MVisitTree()
    print('Get ', self.val)
    p = self.GetPoint(self.counter)
    #print('p.val = ', p.val)
    #print('p.father.val = ', p.father.val)
    root = p
    if (self.counter % 2 == 0):
      p.father.left = None
    else:
      p.father.right = None
    #print('self.left = ', self.left.val)
    #print('self.right = ', self.right.val)
    p.father = p#將二叉樹(shù)最后一個(gè)葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)移到頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
    p.left = self.left
    p.right = self.right
    while(1):#優(yōu)化是萬(wàn)惡之源
      LeftTemp = p.left
      RightTemp = p.right
      FatherTemp = p.father
      if (p.left != None and p.right !=None):#判斷此時(shí)正在處理的結(jié)點(diǎn)的左后孩子情況
        if (p.left.val < p.right.val):
          next = p.left
        else:
          next = p.right
        if (p.val < next.val):
          break;
      elif (p.left == None and p.right != None and p.val > p.right.val):
        next = p.right
      elif (p.right == None and p.left != None and p.val > p.left.val):
        next = p.left
      else:
        break;
      p.left = next.left
      p.right = next.right
      p.father = next
      if (next.left != None):#之后就是一系列的交換節(jié)點(diǎn)的鏈的處理
        next.left.father = p
      if (next.right != None):
        next.right.father = p
      if (FatherTemp == p):
        next.father = next
        root = next
      else:
        next.father == FatherTemp
        if (FatherTemp.left == p):
          FatherTemp.left = next
        else:
          FatherTemp.right = next
      if (next == LeftTemp):
        next.right = RightTemp
        next.left = p
        if (RightTemp != None):
          RightTemp.father = next
      else:
        next.left = LeftTemp
        next.right = p
        if (LeftTemp != None):
          LeftTemp.father = next
      #print('Tree = ')
      #root.VisitNode()
    root.counter = self.counter - 1
    return root
if __name__ == '__main__':
  print("腳本之家測(cè)試結(jié)果")
  root = Tree()
  number = [-1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 6, 9]
  root = root.BuildHeadTree(number)
  while(root.counter != 0):
    root = root.Adjust()

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：