作者：閑歡

來源：Python 技術(shù)

像 PySimpleGUI 這類 GUI 界面，跟 Web 頁(yè)面是不具備可比性的，后者想做得美觀簡(jiǎn)直太容易了。而 GUI 界面本來就是為了生成可執(zhí)行的軟件而生的，在美觀上先天性不足。

PySimpleGUI 是 python GUI 框架中的佼佼者，適用于快速生成簡(jiǎn)潔大方的 GUI。使用它來寫 GUI 已經(jīng)比較快了，那么還有沒有更快的方法嗎？

答案是肯定的，本文就為你揭曉！

GUI 實(shí)例

PySimpleGUI 在GitHub上的地址是：

https://github.com/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI

大家可以訪問看看，其首頁(yè)是這樣的：

有很多內(nèi)容是不是？

這里面有一個(gè)重要的內(nèi)容，在 DemoPrograms 文件夾下，這個(gè)文件夾是作者寫的一些 demo 實(shí)例。作者真的是深諳我們這些懶蟲的心理，即使有了這么簡(jiǎn)單好用的 GUI 框架，到了要寫實(shí)例的時(shí)候，我們也可能會(huì)去網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜索實(shí)例，然后采用 CV大法。框架作者可能料想到這一點(diǎn)，所以他自己寫了很多不同的實(shí)例，讓你真正的拿來即用。

這個(gè)文件夾下大概有300多個(gè)實(shí)例，基本上可以囊括我們平時(shí)使用 python 寫 GUI 所能遇到的各種組件和布局了。

CV 幾個(gè)看看

有了這個(gè)神器，我們只需要把這個(gè) GitHub 上的項(xiàng)目給復(fù)制到本地，然后將這些實(shí)例運(yùn)行一遍，大致知道每個(gè)實(shí)例u哪些內(nèi)容。后續(xù)當(dāng)我們自己要寫 GUI 時(shí)，我們只需要找到對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)例，然后復(fù)制代碼就可以了。是不是很簡(jiǎn)單？

下面我來運(yùn)行幾個(gè) demo ，給大家展示一下這里面的實(shí)例都是什么樣子的。

聊天界面

我們先復(fù)制一下源碼：

#!/usr/bin/env python import PySimpleGUI as sg '''
A chatbot with history
Scroll up and down through prior commands using the arrow keys
Special keyboard keys:
    Up arrow - scroll up in commands
    Down arrow - scroll down in commands
    Escape - clear current command
    Control C - exit form
''' def ChatBotWithHistory(): # -------  Make a new Window  ------- # # give our form a spiffy set of colors sg.theme('GreenTan')

    layout = [[sg.Text('Your output will go here', size=(40, 1))],
              [sg.Output(size=(127, 30), font=('Helvetica 10'))],
              [sg.Text('Command History'),
               sg.Text('', size=(20, 3), key='history')],
              [sg.ML(size=(85, 5), enter_submits=True, key='query', do_not_clear=False),
               sg.Button('SEND', button_color=(sg.YELLOWS[0], sg.BLUES[0]), bind_return_key=True),
               sg.Button('EXIT', button_color=(sg.YELLOWS[0], sg.GREENS[0]))]]

    window = sg.Window('Chat window with history', layout,
                       default_element_size=(30, 2),
                       font=('Helvetica', ' 13'),
                       default_button_element_size=(8, 2),
                       return_keyboard_events=True) # ---===--- Loop taking in user input and using it  --- # command_history = []
    history_offset = 0 while True:
        event, value = window.read() if event == 'SEND':
            query = value['query'].rstrip() # EXECUTE YOUR COMMAND HERE print('The command you entered was {}'.format(query))
            command_history.append(query)
            history_offset = len(command_history)-1 # manually clear input because keyboard events blocks clear window['query'].update('')
            window['history'].update('n'.join(command_history[-3:])) elif event in (sg.WIN_CLOSED, 'EXIT'): # quit if exit event or X break elif 'Up' in event and len(command_history):
            command = command_history[history_offset] # decrement is not zero history_offset -= 1 * (history_offset > 0)
            window['query'].update(command) elif 'Down' in event and len(command_history): # increment up to end of list history_offset += 1 * (history_offset < len(command_history)-1)
            command = command_history[history_offset]
            window['query'].update(command) elif 'Escape' in event:
            window['query'].update('')


ChatBotWithHistory()

運(yùn)行一下，看看效果：

這是一個(gè)帶歷史記錄的聊天軟件，如果你需要做一個(gè)類似的軟件的話，可以直接復(fù)制代碼，然后稍微改動(dòng)一下。

組件大全

我們?cè)賮砜匆粋€(gè)例子：

#!/usr/bin/env python """
    Example of (almost) all Elements, that you can use in PySimpleGUI.
    Shows you the basics including:
        Naming convention for keys
        Menubar format
        Right click menu format
        Table format
        Running an async event loop
        Theming your application (requires a window restart)
        Displays the values dictionary entry for each element
        And more!

    Copyright 2021 PySimpleGUI
""" import PySimpleGUI as sg def make_window(theme): sg.theme(theme)
    menu_def = [['&Application', ['E&xit']],
                ['&Help', ['&About']] ]
    right_click_menu_def = [[], ['Nothing','More Nothing','Exit']] # Table Data data = [["John", 10], ["Jen", 5]]
    headings = ["Name", "Score"]

    input_layout =  [[sg.Menu(menu_def, key='-MENU-')],
                [sg.Text('Anything that requires user-input is in this tab!')], 
                [sg.Input(key='-INPUT-')],
                [sg.Slider(orientation='h', key='-SKIDER-'),
                 sg.Image(data=sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_LOADING_GIF, enable_events=True, key='-GIF-IMAGE-'),],
                [sg.Checkbox('Checkbox', default=True, k='-CB-')],
                [sg.Radio('Radio1', "RadioDemo", default=True, size=(10,1), k='-R1-'), sg.Radio('Radio2', "RadioDemo", default=True, size=(10,1), k='-R2-')],
                [sg.Combo(values=('Combo 1', 'Combo 2', 'Combo 3'), default_value='Combo 1', readonly=True, k='-COMBO-'),
                 sg.OptionMenu(values=('Option 1', 'Option 2', 'Option 3'),  k='-OPTION MENU-'),],
                [sg.Spin([i for i in range(1,11)], initial_value=10, k='-SPIN-'), sg.Text('Spin')],
                [sg.Multiline('Demo of a Multi-Line Text Element!nLine 2nLine 3nLine 4nLine 5nLine 6nLine 7nYou get the point.', size=(45,5), k='-MLINE-')],
                [sg.Button('Button'), sg.Button('Popup'), sg.Button(image_data=sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_ICON, key='-LOGO-')]]

    asthetic_layout = [[sg.T('Anything that you would use for asthetics is in this tab!')],
               [sg.Image(data=sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_ICON,  k='-IMAGE-')],
               [sg.ProgressBar(1000, orientation='h', size=(20, 20), key='-PROGRESS BAR-'), sg.Button('Test Progress bar')]]

    logging_layout = [[sg.Text("Anything printed will display here!")], [sg.Output(size=(60,15), font='Courier 8')]]
    
    graphing_layout = [[sg.Text("Anything you would use to graph will display here!")],
                      [sg.Graph((200,200), (0,0),(200,200),background_color="black", key='-GRAPH-', enable_events=True)],
                      [sg.T('Click anywhere on graph to draw a circle')],
                      [sg.Table(values=data, headings=headings, max_col_width=25,
                                background_color='black',
                                auto_size_columns=True,
                                display_row_numbers=True,
                                justification='right',
                                num_rows=2,
                                alternating_row_color='black',
                                key='-TABLE-',
                                row_height=25)]]

    specalty_layout = [[sg.Text("Any "special" elements will display here!")],
                      [sg.Button("Open Folder")],
                      [sg.Button("Open File")]]
    
    theme_layout = [[sg.Text("See how elements look under different themes by choosing a different theme here!")],
                    [sg.Listbox(values = sg.theme_list(), 
                      size =(20, 12), 
                      key ='-THEME LISTBOX-',
                      enable_events = True)],
                      [sg.Button("Set Theme")]]
    
    layout = [[sg.Text('Demo Of (Almost) All Elements', size=(38, 1), justification='center', font=("Helvetica", 16), relief=sg.RELIEF_RIDGE, k='-TEXT HEADING-', enable_events=True)]]
    layout +=[[sg.TabGroup([[  sg.Tab('Input Elements', input_layout),
                               sg.Tab('Asthetic Elements', asthetic_layout),
                               sg.Tab('Graphing', graphing_layout),
                               sg.Tab('Specialty', specalty_layout),
                               sg.Tab('Theming', theme_layout),
                               sg.Tab('Output', logging_layout)]], key='-TAB GROUP-')]] return sg.Window('All Elements Demo', layout, right_click_menu=right_click_menu_def) def main(): window = make_window(sg.theme()) # This is an Event Loop  while True:
        event, values = window.read(timeout=100) # keep an animation running so show things are happening window['-GIF-IMAGE-'].update_animation(sg.DEFAULT_BASE64_LOADING_GIF, time_between_frames=100) if event not in (sg.TIMEOUT_EVENT, sg.WIN_CLOSED):
            print('============ Event = ', event, ' ==============')
            print('-------- Values Dictionary (key=value) --------') for key in values:
                print(key, ' = ',values[key]) if event in (None, 'Exit'):
            print("[LOG] Clicked Exit!") break elif event == 'About':
            print("[LOG] Clicked About!")
            sg.popup('PySimpleGUI Demo All Elements', 'Right click anywhere to see right click menu', 'Visit each of the tabs to see available elements', 'Output of event and values can be see in Output tab', 'The event and values dictionary is printed after every event') elif event == 'Popup':
            print("[LOG] Clicked Popup Button!")
            sg.popup("You pressed a button!")
            print("[LOG] Dismissing Popup!") elif event == 'Test Progress bar':
            print("[LOG] Clicked Test Progress Bar!")
            progress_bar = window['-PROGRESS BAR-'] for i in range(1000):
                print("[LOG] Updating progress bar by 1 step ("+str(i)+")")
                progress_bar.UpdateBar(i + 1)
            print("[LOG] Progress bar complete!") elif event == "-GRAPH-":
            graph = window['-GRAPH-'] # type: sg.Graph graph.draw_circle(values['-GRAPH-'], fill_color='yellow', radius=20)
            print("[LOG] Circle drawn at: " + str(values['-GRAPH-'])) elif event == "Open Folder":
            print("[LOG] Clicked Open Folder!")
            folder_or_file = sg.popup_get_folder('Choose your folder')
            sg.popup("You chose: " + str(folder_or_file))
            print("[LOG] User chose folder: " + str(folder_or_file)) elif event == "Open File":
            print("[LOG] Clicked Open File!")
            folder_or_file = sg.popup_get_file('Choose your file')
            sg.popup("You chose: " + str(folder_or_file))
            print("[LOG] User chose file: " + str(folder_or_file)) elif event == "Set Theme":
            print("[LOG] Clicked Set Theme!")
            theme_chosen = values['-THEME LISTBOX-'][0]
            print("[LOG] User Chose Theme: " + str(theme_chosen))
            window.close()
            window = make_window(theme_chosen)

    window.close()
    exit(0) if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我們來看看運(yùn)行之后的效果：

這個(gè) demo 是 PySimpleGUI 所有組件的集合，每一個(gè) tab 都是一個(gè)分類。這里面包括進(jìn)度條、畫布、主題、滾動(dòng)條等等。如果你想要找界面組件，到這個(gè) demo 的源碼里面找就對(duì)了。

總結(jié)

這里面還有更多實(shí)例，大家就自己去探索吧！這里主要是給大家介紹一個(gè)快速開發(fā) GUI 的方法，俗稱CV大法。不過這只是一種快速開發(fā)方式，大家有時(shí)間還是去看看源碼，了解一下原理比較好！

大家有什么需要探討的，可以在評(píng)論區(qū)留言！