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首頁(yè)精彩閱讀講解Python的Scrapy爬蟲(chóng)框架使用代理進(jìn)行采集的方法
講解Python的Scrapy爬蟲(chóng)框架使用代理進(jìn)行采集的方法
2018-02-13
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講解Python的Scrapy爬蟲(chóng)框架使用代理進(jìn)行采集的方法

這篇文章主要介紹了講解Python的Scrapy爬蟲(chóng)框架使用代理進(jìn)行采集的方法,并介紹了隨機(jī)使用預(yù)先設(shè)好的user-agent來(lái)進(jìn)行爬取的用法,需要的朋友可以參考下

1.在Scrapy工程下新建“middlewares.py”    
# Importing base64 library because we'll need it ONLY in case if the proxy we are going to use requires authentication
import base64
 
# Start your middleware class
class ProxyMiddleware(object):
 # overwrite process request
 def process_request(self, request, spider):
  # Set the location of the proxy
  request.meta['proxy'] = "http://YOUR_PROXY_IP:PORT"
 
  # Use the following lines if your proxy requires authentication
  proxy_user_pass = "USERNAME:PASSWORD"
  # setup basic authentication for the proxy
  encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy_user_pass)
  request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass

2.在項(xiàng)目配置文件里(./project_name/settings.py)添加
    
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
 'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
 'project_name.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100,
}

只要兩步，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)求就是通過(guò)代理的了。測(cè)試一下^_^    
from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider
from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.http import Request
 
class TestSpider(CrawlSpider):
 name = "test"
 domain_name = "whatismyip.com"
 # The following url is subject to change, you can get the last updated one from here :
 # http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/automation.asp
 start_urls = ["http://xujian.info"]
 
 def parse(self, response):
  open('test.html', 'wb').write(response.body)

3.使用隨機(jī)user-agent

默認(rèn)情況下scrapy采集時(shí)只能使用一種user-agent，這樣容易被網(wǎng)站屏蔽，下面的代碼可以從預(yù)先定義的user- agent的列表中隨機(jī)選擇一個(gè)來(lái)采集不同的頁(yè)面

在settings.py中添加以下代碼
    
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
  'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,
  'Crawler.comm.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400
 }

注意: Crawler; 是你項(xiàng)目的名字 ，通過(guò)它是一個(gè)目錄的名稱 下面是蜘蛛的代碼
    
#!/usr/bin/python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
 
import random
from scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
 
class RotateUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
 def __init__(self, user_agent=''):
  self.user_agent = user_agent
 
 def process_request(self, request, spider):
  #這句話用于隨機(jī)選擇user-agent
  ua = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
  if ua:
   request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', ua)
 
 #the default user_agent_list composes chrome,I E,firefox,Mozilla,opera,netscape
 #for more user agent strings,you can find it in http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php
 user_agent_list = [\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",\
  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
  ]


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') } function initGt() { var handler = function (captchaObj) { captchaObj.appendTo('#captcha'); captchaObj.onReady(function () { $("#wait").hide(); }).onSuccess(function(){ $('.getcheckcode').removeClass('dis'); $('.getcheckcode').trigger('click'); }); window.captchaObj = captchaObj; }; $('#captcha').show(); $.ajax({ url: "/login/gtstart?t=" + (new Date()).getTime(), // 加隨機(jī)數(shù)防止緩存 type: "get", dataType: "json", success: function (data) { $('#text').hide(); $('#wait').show(); // 調(diào)用 initGeetest 進(jìn)行初始化 // 參數(shù)1：配置參數(shù) // 參數(shù)2：回調(diào)，回調(diào)的第一個(gè)參數(shù)驗(yàn)證碼對(duì)象，之后可以使用它調(diào)用相應(yīng)的接口 initGeetest({ // 以下 4 個(gè)配置參數(shù)為必須，不能缺少 gt: data.gt, challenge: data.challenge, offline: !data.success, // 表示用戶后臺(tái)檢測(cè)極驗(yàn)服務(wù)器是否宕機(jī) new_captcha: data.new_captcha, // 用于宕機(jī)時(shí)表示是新驗(yàn)證碼的宕機(jī) product: "float", // 產(chǎn)品形式，包括：float，popup width: "280px", https: true // 更多配置參數(shù)說(shuō)明請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)：http://docs.geetest.com/install/client/web-front/ }, handler); } }); } function codeCutdown() { if(_wait == 0){ //倒計(jì)時(shí)完成 $(".getcheckcode").removeClass('dis').html("重新獲取"); }else{ $(".getcheckcode").addClass('dis').html("重新獲取("+_wait+"s)"); _wait--; setTimeout(function () { codeCutdown(); },1000); } } function inputValidate(ele,telInput) { var oInput = ele; var inputVal = oInput.val(); var oType = ele.attr('data-type'); var oEtag = $('#etag').val(); var oErr = oInput.closest('.form_box').next('.err_txt'); var empTxt = '請(qǐng)輸入'+oInput.attr('placeholder')+'！'; var errTxt = '請(qǐng)輸入正確的'+oInput.attr('placeholder')+'！'; var pattern; if(inputVal==""){ if(!telInput){ errFun(oErr,empTxt); } return false; }else { switch (oType){ case 'login_mobile': pattern = /^1[3456789]\d{9}$/; if(inputVal.length==11) { $.ajax({ url: '/login/checkmobile', type: "post", dataType: "json", data: { mobile: inputVal, etag: oEtag, page_ur: window.location.href, page_referer: document.referrer }, success: function (data) { } }); } break; case 'login_yzm': pattern = /^\d{6}$/; break; } if(oType=='login_mobile'){ } if(!!validateFun(pattern,inputVal)){ errFun(oErr,'') if(telInput){ $('.getcheckcode').removeClass('dis'); } }else { if(!telInput) { errFun(oErr, errTxt); }else { $('.getcheckcode').addClass('dis'); } return false; } } return true; } function errFun(obj,msg) { obj.html(msg); if(msg==''){ $('.login_submit').removeClass('dis'); }else { $('.login_submit').addClass('dis'); } } function validateFun(pat,val) { return pat.test(val); }